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- Network Working Group L. McLaughlin III
- Request for Comments: 1132 The Wollongong Group
- November 1989
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- A Standard for the Transmission of 802.2 Packets over IPX Networks
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies a standard method of encapsulating 802.2 [1]
- packets on networks supporting Novell's Internet Packet Exchange
- Protocol [2] (IPX). It obsoletes earlier documents detailing the
- transmission of Internet packets over IPX networks. It differs from
- these earlier documents in that it allows for the transmission of
- multiple network protocols over IPX and for the transmission of
- packets through IPX bridges. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Introduction
-
- The goal of this specification is to allow compatible and
- interoperable implementations for transmitting Internet packets such
- as the Internet Protocol [3] (IP) and Address Resolution Protocol [4]
- (ARP) as well as the Connectionless-mode Network Protocol [5] (CLNP)
- over IPX networks.
-
- IPX is a proprietary standard developed by Novell derived from
- Xerox's Internet Datagram Protocol [6] (IDP). Defining the
- encapsulation of the IEEE 802.2 Data Link Layer Standard over IPX in
- terms of yet another 802.X Physical Layer standard allows for the
- transmission of IP Datagrams as described in RFC 1042 [7]. This
- document will focus on the implementation of that RFC over IPX
- networks.
-
- Description
-
- In general, this specification allows IPX networks to be used to
- support any network protocol which can use the IEEE 802.2 Data Link
- Layer specification.
-
- More specifically, IPX networks may be used to support IP networks
- and subnetworks of any class. By encapsulating IP datagrams within
- IPX datagrams and assigning IP numbers to the hosts on a IPX network,
- IP-based applications are supported on these hosts. The addition of
- an IP Gateway capable of encapsulating IP packets within 802.IPX
- datagrams would allow those hosts on an IPX network to communicate
- with the Internet.
-
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- McLaughlin [Page 1]
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- RFC 1132 802.2 Packets over IPX Networks November 1989
-
-
- Maximum Transmission Unit
-
- The maximum data size of a IPX datagram is 546 bytes. As the
- combined size of the 802.2 LLC and SNAP headers is 8 bytes, this
- results in a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of 538 bytes.
-
- Address Mappings
-
- The mapping of Internet Protocol addresses to 802.IPX addresses is
- done using the Address Resolution Protocol in the same fashion as
- with other IEEE 802.X physical addresses. However, the length of an
- 802.IPX physical address is 10 bytes rather than 2 or 6. This 10
- byte physical address consists of the 4 bytes of the IPX network
- address followed by the 6 bytes of the IPX node address.
-
- Byte Order
-
- The byte transmission order is "big-endian" [8].
-
- Broadcast Addresses
-
- IPX packets may be broadcast by setting the IPX header Packet Type
- field to 0x14, the Destination Network field to the local network
- number, the the Destination Node field to 0xffffff, and the Immediate
- Address field of the IPX Event Control Block to 0xffffff.
-
- Unicast Addresses
-
- IPX packets may be unicast by setting the IPX header Packet Type
- field to 0x04, the Destination Network field and Destination Node
- field to those values found by address resolution, and the Immediate
- Address field of the IPX Event Control Block to the physical address
- of the destination node or the appropriate IPX bridge.
-
- Checksum
-
- Like most IPX applications, this specification does not use IPX
- checksum.
-
- Reserved values
-
- The IPX socket 0x8060 has been reserved by Novell for the
- implementation of this protocol.
-
- Implementation
-
- The encapsulation of Internet packets within IPX networks has proved
- to be quite useful. Because the IPX interface insulates knowledge of
-
-
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- McLaughlin [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1132 802.2 Packets over IPX Networks November 1989
-
-
- the physical layer from an application, 802.2 over IPX networks work
- over any physical medium. A typical IP over IPX packet is shown
- below:
-
- --------------------
- N bytes | physical header |
- |------------------|
- 30 bytes | IPX header |
- |------------------|
- 8 bytes | 802.2 header |
- |------------------|
- usually 20 bytes | IP header |
- |------------------|
- usually 20 bytes | TCP header |
- |------------------|
- up to 498 bytes | TCP data |
- --------------------
-
- On workstations supporting an IPX programming interface,
- implementation of this specification has proved fairly
- straightforward. The only change which was done was to modify the
- existing address resolution protocol code to allow for cache entries
- larger than the hardware address length. This was done to allow room
- for the immediate address of a possible intervening IPX bridge in
- addition to the destination node and network addresses to be
- associated with a given IP address.
-
- Thus far, no implementations have been attempted on systems which do
- not already support an IPX programming interface (e.g., a dedicated
- router) though a few implementation details can be noted. First,
- obviously any such implementation will have to distinguish IPX
- packets from other packets; this process will be media dependent.
- Second, note that no unicast packet is ever sent from host1 to host2
- without a prior broadcast packet from host2 to host1. Thus, the
- immediate address of a possible intervening IPX bridge between host1
- and host2 can be learned from the physical header of that prior
- broadcast packet. Third, any such implementation will need to
- discover the local IPX network number from a Novell bridge or file
- server. The mechanisms for doing this exist but documentation for
- their use is not commonly available.
-
- References
-
- [1] IEEE, "IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Logical Link
- Control", IEEE, New York, 1985.
-
- [2] Novell, Inc., "Advanced NetWare V2.1 Internetwork Packet Exchange
- Protocol (IPX) with Asynchronous Event Scheduler (AES)", October
-
-
-
- McLaughlin [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1132 802.2 Packets over IPX Networks November 1989
-
-
- 1986.
-
- [3] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", RFC-791, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, September 1981.
-
- [4] Plummer, D., "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol", RFC-826,
- November 1982.
-
- [5] ISO DIS 8473: "Information Processing Systems - Data
- Communications - Protocol for Providing the Connectionless-mode
- Network Service".
-
- [6] Xerox Corporation, "Xerox Network Systems Architecture", XNSG
- 068504, April 1985.
-
- [7] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "A Standard for the Transmission of
- IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks", RFC-1042, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, February 1988.
-
- [8] Cohen, D., "On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace", Computer, IEEE,
- October 1981.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not addressed in this memo.
-
-
- Author's Address:
-
- Leo J. McLaughlin III
- The Wollongong Group
- 1129 San Antonio Road
- Palo Alto, CA 94303
-
- Phone: (415) 962-7100
-
- EMail: ljm@TWG.COM
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- McLaughlin [Page 4]
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